Bali's 'Tri Hita Karana' Philosophy Offers Lessons in Sustainable Tourism

Bali tourism officials described to visiting Kenyan journalists the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana—harmony with God, with fellow people, and with nature—as the foundation of the island's tourism policy. Officials say this shapes decisions ranging from protecting temples and sacred sites to regulating hotel development and requiring visitors to respect local customs.

According to Wayan Sumarajaya, Director of the Bali Government Tourism Office, about 66% of Bali's economy depends on tourism, and an ASITA Bali representative said roughly 70% of the island's population works directly or indirectly in the sector. This heavy reliance also brings risks such as land conversion, traffic congestion, and waste management challenges.

To manage growth, Bali applies island-wide zoning across its eight regencies and one city, concentrating high-density hotel development in designated zones like Nusa Dua and Sanur while protecting other areas for agriculture, culture, or eco-tourism. Zoning plans are reviewed by parliament every five to ten years.

Foreign tourists are also required to pay a 150,000 rupiah (about US$10) tourism levy, paid digitally via the 'Love Bali' system, with proceeds directed toward cultural preservation, arts programs, and environmental initiatives including waste management.

In addition, Bali has introduced a 'Dos and Don'ts' code asking visitors to dress appropriately at temples, respect religious ceremonies, and comply with immigration and employment laws. Officials also noted growing interest in African markets, with Kenyan visitor arrivals rising about 42% in 2025 to 5,336.